Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR
Privacy and tracking enforcement actions citing this article.
- Recorded fines
- €17.0M
- Settlements
- €0
- Restitution, damages & other payments
- €0
Payment categories are separate and must not be added together. Shared obligations count once, against their designated case. Amounts describe recorded obligations, not money collected.
Actions
136
Total Fines
€17.0M
Average Fine
€320K
Countries
24
Enforcement Under Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR
Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR has been cited in 136 European data-protection enforcement actions. These actions have resulted in fines totaling €17.0M, with an average fine of €320K. Enforcement is spread across 24 countries, with Belgium being the most active enforcer.
Largest Fines Citing Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR
Recent Enforcement
Enforcement by Country
| Country | Actions | Total Fines |
|---|---|---|
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | 26 | €47K |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | 17 | €9.6M |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | 16 | €14K |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | 10 | €595K |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | 9 | €983K |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 7 | €0 |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | 6 | €1K |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | 6 | €1.1M |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | 5 | €0 |
| 🇫🇷 France | 4 | €0 |
| 🇪🇺 European Union | 4 | €0 |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | 3 | €5K |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | 3 | €65K |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 3 | €5K |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | 2 | €0 |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | 2 | €0 |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | 2 | €4.6M |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 2 | €880 |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | 2 | €0 |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | 2 | €0 |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | 2 | €0 |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | 1 | €0 |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | 1 | €0 |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | 1 | €0 |
Enforcement by Year
| Year | Actions | Total Fines |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 1 | €500 |
| 2019 | 6 | €97K |
| 2020 | 14 | €0 |
| 2021 | 23 | €539K |
| 2022 | 23 | €2.0M |
| 2023 | 22 | €151K |
| 2024 | 13 | €70K |
| 2025 | 21 | €5.2M |
| 2026 | 13 | €8.9M |
Commonly Co-Cited Articles
Frequently Asked Questions
How many enforcement actions cite Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR?
European data protection authorities have cited Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR in 136 enforcement actions, resulting in fines totaling €17.0M.
What is the average fine for Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR violations?
The average fine for enforcement actions citing Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR is €320K, though amounts vary significantly based on the severity and scope of the violation.
Which countries enforce Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR most?
The most active countries in enforcing Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR are Belgium, Italy, Austria.
Which GDPR articles are commonly cited alongside Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR?
Art. 5(1)(b) GDPR is most frequently cited together with Art. 5(1)(a) GDPR, Art. 5(1)(c) GDPR, Art. 6(1) GDPR.