GDPR Fines & Penalties 2026
Search GDPR fines, penalties, warnings, orders, bans, and investigations across Europe by country, action type, GDPR article, and violation category.
Frequently Asked Questions About GDPR Enforcement
Q:What types of GDPR enforcement actions exist?
GDPR enforcement actions include monetary fines (the most publicised), formal warnings, reprimands, processing bans, data erasure orders, and compliance orders. DPAs can also impose temporary or permanent limitations on data processing. Fines can reach up to EUR 20 million or 4% of annual worldwide turnover, whichever is higher, under Article 83(5) GDPR.
Q:How are GDPR fines calculated by data protection authorities?
DPAs consider factors listed in Article 83(2) GDPR: nature, gravity, and duration of the infringement; intentional or negligent character; actions taken to mitigate damage; degree of responsibility; previous infringements; degree of cooperation; categories of personal data affected; how the infringement became known; and adherence to approved codes of conduct or certification mechanisms.
Q:Can GDPR fines be appealed?
Yes, GDPR fines can be appealed through national courts. Many high-profile fines have been challenged. The appeals process varies by country. Some fines have been reduced on appeal (e.g., British Airways' fine was reduced from GBP 183 million to GBP 20 million), while others have been upheld or even increased.
Browse case links on this page
GDPR Enforcement Actions (1,338 total)
- Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (Netherlands) – court ruling – Dec 2019
- Bisnode (Poland) – court ruling – Dec 2019
- Court case G 72-74/2019 G 181-182/2019 (Austria) – court ruling – Dec 2019
- Court case N° 391000N° 393769 N° 395335 N° 397755 N° 399999 N° 401258 N° 403868 N° 405464 N° 405910 N° 407776 N° 409212 N° 423326 N° 429154 (France) – court ruling – Dec 2019
- ING Bank N.V. (Netherlands) – court ruling – Dec 2019
- unknown (Austrian Credit Agency) (Austria) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case 4Ob84/19k (Austria) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case W211 2210458-1/10 (Austria) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case 3-19-579 (Estonia) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case W256 2214855-1/6E (Austria) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case 11 K 4526/16 (Germany) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- VKI (Austria) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Municipal Executive of the Municipality of Almere (Netherlands) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case № 8/ 6p.93-26.11.2019 (Bulgaria) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case W211 2223654-1 (Austria) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case 15 U 126/19 (Germany) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case 15 U 89/19 (Germany) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security (Netherlands) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- GGD Flevoland (Netherlands) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case 9 U 6/19 (Germany) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Court case 34 O 13123/19 (Germany) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- NDR (Germany) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Der Spiegel (Germany) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- Le service intégré de l'accueil et de l'orientation (SIAO) (France) – court ruling – Nov 2019
- ING Bank N.V. (Netherlands) – court ruling – Nov 2019