GDPR Fines & Penalties 2026
Search published European fines, warnings, orders and court decisions with a confirmed EU GDPR legal basis. Cases whose applicable law has not yet been confirmed are excluded.
Selected coverage: Europe. Only published cases are included.
29 results · Showing 1–25
X (formerly Twitter)
Twitter international company ULC
ING Bank N.V.
ING Bank
Court case 22/4916
Dutch DPA
ING
Minister van Financiën
Ola Drivers
ING
ELQ Portefeuille I B.V.
The Board of Mayor and Aldermen of the Municipality of Amsterdam, Education, Youth and Care
Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
Hoist Finance
HOIST FINANCE AB
Claimant
Unknown applicant
Ola Netherlands BV
Uber
UBER B.V.
Uber B.V.
HOIST FINANCE AB
Council of Mayor and Aldermen of Uithoorn
Cooperative Rabobank U.A.
Frequently Asked Questions About GDPR Enforcement
Q:What types of GDPR enforcement actions exist?
GDPR enforcement actions include monetary fines (the most publicised), formal warnings, reprimands, processing bans, data erasure orders, and compliance orders. DPAs can also impose temporary or permanent limitations on data processing. Fines can reach up to EUR 20 million or 4% of annual worldwide turnover, whichever is higher, under Article 83(5) GDPR.
Q:How are GDPR fines calculated by data protection authorities?
DPAs consider factors listed in Article 83(2) GDPR: nature, gravity, and duration of the infringement; intentional or negligent character; actions taken to mitigate damage; degree of responsibility; previous infringements; degree of cooperation; categories of personal data affected; how the infringement became known; and adherence to approved codes of conduct or certification mechanisms.
Q:Can GDPR fines be appealed?
Yes, GDPR fines can be appealed through national courts. Many high-profile fines have been challenged. The appeals process varies by country. Some fines have been reduced on appeal (e.g., British Airways' fine was reduced from GBP 183 million to GBP 20 million), while others have been upheld or even increased.
Browse case links on this page
GDPR Enforcement Actions (29 total)
- X (formerly Twitter) (Netherlands) – court ruling – Oct 2025
- Twitter international company ULC (Netherlands) – court ruling – Jul 2024
- ING Bank N.V. (Netherlands) – court ruling – Apr 2024
- ING Bank (Netherlands) – court ruling – Oct 2023
- Court case 22/4916 (Netherlands) – court ruling – Sept 2023
- Dutch DPA (Netherlands) – court ruling – Aug 2023
- ING (Netherlands) – court ruling – May 2023
- Minister van Financiën (Netherlands) – court ruling – Apr 2023
- Ola Drivers (Netherlands) – court ruling – Apr 2023
- ING (Netherlands) – court ruling – Sept 2022
- ELQ Portefeuille I B.V. (Netherlands) – court ruling – Aug 2022
- The Board of Mayor and Aldermen of the Municipality of Amsterdam, Education, Youth and Care (Netherlands) – court ruling – Jul 2022
- Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (Netherlands) – court ruling – Feb 2022
- Hoist Finance (Netherlands) – court ruling – Dec 2021
- HOIST FINANCE AB (Netherlands) – court ruling – Dec 2021
- Claimant (Netherlands) – court ruling – Jul 2021
- Unknown applicant (Netherlands) – court ruling – Apr 2021
- Ola Netherlands BV (Netherlands) – court ruling – Mar 2021
- Uber (Netherlands) – court ruling – Mar 2021
- UBER B.V. (Netherlands) – court ruling – Mar 2021
- Uber B.V. (Netherlands) – court ruling – Feb 2021
- HOIST FINANCE AB (Netherlands) – court ruling – Jan 2021
- Council of Mayor and Aldermen of Uithoorn (Netherlands) – court ruling – Dec 2020
- Cooperative Rabobank U.A. (Netherlands) – court ruling – Oct 2020
- Google (Netherlands) – court ruling – Jun 2020