Art. 5(2) GDPR
GDPR and ePrivacy enforcement actions citing this article.
Actions
246
Total Fines
€450.9M
Average Fine
€2.3M
Countries
26
Enforcement Under Art. 5(2) GDPR
Art. 5(2) GDPR has been cited in 246 European data-protection enforcement actions. These actions have resulted in fines totaling €450.9M, with an average fine of €2.3M. Enforcement is spread across 26 countries, with Italy being the most active enforcer.
Largest Fines Citing Art. 5(2) GDPR
Recent Enforcement
Enforcement by Country
| Country | Actions | Total Fines |
|---|---|---|
| 🇮🇹 Italy | 60 | €229.6M |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | 26 | €1.9M |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | 21 | €15.9M |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | 18 | €68K |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | 18 | €27.9M |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | 15 | €253K |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | 13 | €14.4M |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | 13 | €10.3M |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | 13 | €738K |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | 6 | €300K |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | 5 | €1.3M |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | 5 | €0 |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | 4 | €34.5M |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | 4 | €60K |
| 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 3 | €1.5M |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | 3 | €4.8M |
| 🇫🇷 France | 3 | €900K |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | 3 | €308K |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | 2 | €1K |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | 2 | €680K |
| 🇪🇺 European Union | 2 | €0 |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | 2 | €0 |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | 2 | €40K |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 1 | €100.0M |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 1 | €0 |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | 1 | €5.5M |
Enforcement by Year
| Year | Actions | Total Fines |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 6 | €434K |
| 2020 | 27 | €27.4M |
| 2021 | 31 | €41.1M |
| 2022 | 56 | €57.1M |
| 2023 | 42 | €30.8M |
| 2024 | 44 | €132.1M |
| 2025 | 22 | €647K |
| 2026 | 18 | €161.2M |
Commonly Co-Cited Articles
Frequently Asked Questions
How many enforcement actions cite Art. 5(2) GDPR?
European data protection authorities have cited Art. 5(2) GDPR in 246 enforcement actions, resulting in fines totaling €450.9M.
What is the average fine for Art. 5(2) GDPR violations?
The average fine for enforcement actions citing Art. 5(2) GDPR is €2.3M, though amounts vary significantly based on the severity and scope of the violation.
Which countries enforce Art. 5(2) GDPR most?
The most active countries in enforcing Art. 5(2) GDPR are Italy, Poland, Greece.
Which GDPR articles are commonly cited alongside Art. 5(2) GDPR?
Art. 5(2) GDPR is most frequently cited together with Art. 5(1)(a) GDPR, Art. 5(1)(f) GDPR, Art. 32(1) GDPR.